LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS

Vol.36-No.03 March 1,1997


Basic Survey on Trade Unions

     The estimated unionization rate as of June 1996 sank 0.6 point to 23.2 percent, the Ministry of Labour said in its 1996 Basic Survey on Trade Unions. If hit a postwar record low, renewing its postwar lowest level annually since 1976. A marked decrease in the number of union members was the major cause of the declining unionization rate. In 1996, the number of union members stood at 12.41 million, a decrease of 162,000 from the year earlier, the largest drop since 1975.

     By industry, the manufacturing sector has 3.821 million unionists, accounting for 31 percent of all union members, followed by services (1.927 million, or 15.6% of all unionists), transportation and telecommunications (1.607 million) and government (1.331 million). Construction witnessed a 25,000 increase in membership of, compared with the level of the previous year, but unions in all the other sectors saw a fall in their numbers.

     In both manufacturing and services, the number of employees has increased but that of unionists has shown a decrease, dwarfing the unionization rate. A growing number of companies, affected by job reductions brought on by restructuring, have relied on part-time and dispatched workers. Despite this, efforts to organize these non-regular workers have been inadequate, and have apparently led to an annual drop in the unionization rate, the survey said. Rengo (Japanese Trade Union Confederation), strongly feeling a sense of crisis over the situation, has launched comprehensive 3-year plan to expand the size of union membership.

     The unionization rate was high in government (63.4%), utilities (53.3%) and finance and insurance as well as real estate (44.9%). The unionization rate for private companies alone stood at 20.2 percent. However, the gap in the rate between large and smaller-scale enterprises was wide and the rate stood at 58.1 percent for companies with 1,000 or more regular employees and a mere 1.6 percent for those with 100 and fewer regular employees.

     Of the 53.67 million employees, 41.22 million, or 76.8 percent remain unorganized; 7.66 million were affiliated with Rengo; 860,000 were under the umbrella of Zenroren (National Confederation of Trade Unions); 280,000 were members of Zenrokyo (National Trade Union Council); and 3.65 million were non-affiliated.



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Labor - Management Relations